Which of the operation does not come under upstream processing?

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Which of the operation does not come under upstream processing? Answer: Effluent treatment

Question context

This question is part of ⚗️ Biochemical Engineering within the broader 🧬 Medical Science subject and appears in the DemoPaper-Pakistan preparation collection. Reviewing the answer together with nearby questions helps reinforce the underlying concept and identify how it may appear in competitive exams.