The Great Wall of China is a vast defensive system built and expanded by successive Chinese dynasties over many centuries. Its primary purpose was to protect Chinese territories from invasions and raids by northern nomadic groups, including the Mongols and other steppe peoples. The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) constructed many of the best-preserved sections of the wall, particularly to defend against threats from the north. The wall included defensive barriers, watchtowers, signal stations, and fortified passes.
The Great Wall of China was erected by the Chinese as defense against ___?
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