Smelting extracts metal from ore by heating it intensely in a furnace with a reducing agent (like carbon), which chemically strips away oxygen and impurities (gangue) as gases or slag, leaving molten metal that separates and collects at the bottom, ready for further refining. This process uses high temperatures and fluxes (like limestone) to separate the valuable metal from unwanted rocky materials, creating a purer metal product and a waste product called slag.
The extraction of metal from the ore is done by ' smelting' which involves?
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