Mu'awiya I (Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān) was the founder and first Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, establishing his rule in 661 CE after the First Fitna (Islamic civil war) following the assassination of Caliph Ali, making Damascus his capital and unifying the Islamic empire under his rule.
Who was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate?
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