In full-wave rectification, the output DC voltage across the load is obtained from ______.

In full-wave rectification, both the positive and negative half-cycles of the AC input are utilized to produce a unidirectional output across the load. During the negative half-cycle, the circuit reverses the current direction through the load so that the load current remains in the same direction. As a result, the output contains rectified voltage from the entire AC cycle, giving a higher average DC output and lower ripple frequency than half-wave rectification.