Members of a bee colony recognize each other by their distinct colony-specific scent (pheromones), which is derived from a combination of self-produced and external cues like queen odor, stored food, and comb wax. Guard bees at the nest entrance will "scent" incoming bees by using their antennae and licking to assess their smell, expelling any bee that does not possess the correct colony odor.
The members of bee colony recognize each other by ______?
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